initial pfannkuchen
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iso-builder/readme.md
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iso-builder/readme.md
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# Debian 13 Fully Unattended ISO – EXTREM DETAILLIERTE ANLEITUNG
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Ziel: Eine **komplett automatisierte Debian 13 ISO** bauen, die:
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- ohne Benutzerinteraktion installiert (unattended)
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- automatisch startet (kein GRUB-Menü)
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- Sprache, Tastatur, Zeitzone setzt
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- statische Netzwerkkonfiguration verwendet (IP / Gateway / DNS)
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- Root + User inkl. Passwort erstellt
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- automatisch partitioniert (LVM)
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- GRUB installiert
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- automatisch rebootet
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Diese Anleitung ist bewusst **sehr detailliert und deterministisch**, damit auch eine einfache KI sie korrekt ausführen kann.
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---
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# 0. WICHTIGE GRUNDLOGIK
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Die Automatisierung basiert auf:
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1. **preseed.cfg** → enthält alle Antworten für den Debian Installer
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2. **Bootparameter** → sorgen dafür, dass preseed geladen wird
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3. **GRUB + ISOLINUX Anpassung** → damit KEIN Menü erscheint
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---
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# 1. SYSTEM VORBEREITEN
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## 1.1 Pakete installieren
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```bash
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apt update
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apt install -y xorriso syslinux isolinux grub-pc-bin grub-efi-amd64-bin mtools dosfstools
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mkdir -p ~/debian-auto-iso/{src,iso,build}
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cd ~/debian-auto-iso
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~/debian-auto-iso/
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├── src/ (Original ISO)
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├── iso/ (entpackte ISO – wird bearbeitet)
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└── build/ (fertige ISO)
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cd ~/debian-auto-iso/src
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wget https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-cd/debian-13.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso
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cd ~/debian-auto-iso
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xorriso -osirrox on \
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-indev src/debian-13.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso \
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-extract / iso
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chmod -R u+w iso
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nano iso/preseed.cfg
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### --------------------------------
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### LOKALISIERUNG
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### --------------------------------
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d-i debian-installer/locale string de_DE.UTF-8
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d-i keyboard-configuration/xkb-keymap select de
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d-i console-setup/ask_detect boolean false
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### --------------------------------
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### NETZWERK (STATISCH!)
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### --------------------------------
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d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
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d-i netcfg/disable_autoconfig boolean true
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d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.100.10
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d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0
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d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.100.1
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d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.100.1
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d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true
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d-i netcfg/get_hostname string debian-vm
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d-i netcfg/get_domain string local
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### --------------------------------
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### ZEIT
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### --------------------------------
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d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
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d-i time/zone string Europe/Berlin
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d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean true
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### --------------------------------
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### USER + PASSWÖRTER
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### --------------------------------
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d-i passwd/root-login boolean true
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d-i passwd/root-password password rootpass
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d-i passwd/root-password-again password rootpass
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d-i passwd/user-fullname string Default User
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d-i passwd/username string user
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d-i passwd/user-password password userpass
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d-i passwd/user-password-again password userpass
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### --------------------------------
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### PARTITIONIERUNG (AUTO LVM!)
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### --------------------------------
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d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
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d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
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d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
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d-i partman/confirm boolean true
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d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
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d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
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### --------------------------------
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### MIRROR
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### --------------------------------
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d-i mirror/country string manual
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d-i mirror/http/hostname string deb.debian.org
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d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
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d-i mirror/http/proxy string
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### --------------------------------
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### PAKETE
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### --------------------------------
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tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, ssh-server
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d-i pkgsel/include string vim curl htop sudo
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d-i pkgsel/upgrade select full-upgrade
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popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false
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### --------------------------------
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### GRUB INSTALLATION
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### --------------------------------
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d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
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d-i grub-installer/bootdev string default
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### --------------------------------
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### INSTALLATION ABSCHLIESSEN
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### --------------------------------
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d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
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d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean true
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### --------------------------------
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### LATE COMMAND (OPTIONAL)
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### --------------------------------
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d-i preseed/late_command string \
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in-target systemctl enable ssh; \
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in-target usermod -aG sudo user
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nano iso/boot/grub/grub.cfg
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set default=0
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set timeout=0
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menuentry "Debian Auto Install" {
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linux /install.amd/vmlinuz auto=true priority=critical preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed.cfg ---
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initrd /install.amd/initrd.gz
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}
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nano iso/isolinux/txt.cfg
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default auto
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timeout 0
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label auto
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menu label Auto Install Debian
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kernel /install.amd/vmlinuz
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append auto=true priority=critical preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed.cfg initrd=/install.amd/initrd.gz ---
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cd ~/debian-auto-iso
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xorriso -as mkisofs \
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-r \
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-V "DEBIAN_AUTO" \
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-o build/debian-13-auto.iso \
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-J -joliet-long -l \
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-b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
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-c isolinux/boot.cat \
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-no-emul-boot \
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-boot-load-size 4 \
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-boot-info-table \
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-eltorito-alt-boot \
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-e boot/grub/efi.img \
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-no-emul-boot \
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-isohybrid-gpt-basdat \
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iso
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10. ERWARTETES VERHALTEN
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Nach Boot:
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KEIN Menü erscheint
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Installer startet automatisch
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Keine Eingaben notwendig
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Installation läuft komplett durch
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System rebootet automatisch
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Login möglich mit:
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user / userpass
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root / rootpass
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11. HÄUFIGE FEHLER + DEBUG
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Installer fragt trotzdem Dinge ab
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→ Ursache:
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falscher Parameter: preseed/file= fehlt
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falscher Pfad: /cdrom/preseed.cfg
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Netzwerk funktioniert nicht
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→ Ursache:
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falsches Interface
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falsche IP Range
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Gateway nicht erreichbar
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ISO bootet nicht (UEFI)
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→ Ursache:
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efi.img fehlt
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xorriso Flags falsch
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GRUB Menü erscheint trotzdem
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→ Ursache:
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timeout != 0
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falsche cfg bearbeitet
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METHODE 2 (BESTE LÖSUNG): ISO NACH INSTALLATION "EJECTEN"
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Idee:
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Installer wirft CD automatisch aus → VM bootet von HDD
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PRESEED ERWEITERN
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In preseed.cfg hinzufügen:
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d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean true
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ZUSÄTZLICH (WICHTIG!):
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d-i finish-install/keep-consoles boolean true
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d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
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👉 Ergebnis:
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ISO wird logisch "ausgeworfen"
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viele Hypervisor erkennen das
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Boot fällt automatisch auf HDD zurück
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👉 Achtung:
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Funktioniert zuverlässig bei:
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Proxmox ✅
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KVM/QEMU ✅
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VMware ⚠️ (teilweise)
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VirtualBox ⚠️ (oft nicht)
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✅ METHODE 3 (PROFI / 100% LÖSUNG): VM-SEITIG BOOT FIXEN
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BESTE UND SAUBERSTE LÖSUNG
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Nicht ISO lösen – sondern VM korrekt konfigurieren.
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🔧 PROXMOX
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qm set <VMID> --boot order=scsi0
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qm set <VMID> --cdrom none
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Oder direkt beim Erstellen:
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qm create 100 --boot order=scsi0
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